Beijing Water Cube

【Introduction】

National Aquatics Center also known as the "Water Cube" (Water Cube), located in Beijing Olympic Park, Beijing built for the 2008 Summer Olympics the main swimming pool, but also the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, one of the landmark buildings. Its design is a global design competition created by the "Water Cube" ([H2O] 3) Program. 24 started in December 2003, in the January 28, 2008 completion. With the National Stadium (commonly known as the Bird's Nest) points out in the northern end of Beijing City on both sides of the central axis, jointly forming a relatively complete image of Beijing's historical and cultural city. National Aquatics Center land planning and construction of 62.95 thousand square meters, with a total construction area of 65000-80000 square meters, including underground part of the floor area of not less than 15,000 square meters, length width, respectively 177m × 177m × 30m. Up to now, from 101 countries and regions, more than 350,000 Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese donated a total of 8.5 billion yuan. Including Cheng Yu-tung Cheng Kar-shun his son and his companies have donated 50 million yuan.
Investment: about 1.02 billion (all walks of life donated about 8.5 billion yuan)
Building Area (㎡): 79,532 square meters
Number of seats: Permanent seats for 4000, and temporary seats 11000
Use during the Olympics: swimming, diving, synchronized swimming competitions
During the Paralympic Games uses: swimming, diving, synchronized swimming competitions
Owners unit: Beijing State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd.
Design Units: China Construction Design Consortium
Total Package unit: the construction of a Bureau of Construction and Development Co., Ltd.
【Uses】
During the 2008 Olympic Games, the National Swimming Center has swimming, diving, synchronized swimming competition, which could accommodate the audience seating 17000, in which the permanent seating for 6000 spectators, an additional temporary seats during the Olympic Games 11000 (after the match will be dismantled). After the match will be built into a international advanced level, the set of swimming, sports, fitness and leisure in one center.

Beijing Water Cube
【Design Concept】
"Water Cube" Olympic Park is located in the west of B, and the National Stadium 'Bird's Nest' echoed across the road, the construction scale of about 8 million square meters, the most notable is the external shape of blisters on the ETFE film (ethylene - tetrafluoroethylene copolymer goods). ETFE film is a transparent film, for venue to bring more natural light, and his house is a multi-floor buildings, symmetrical arrangement of the grandstand broad vision, the museum's architecture and milky blue pool exist side by side.
National Swimming Center design is a global design competition created by the "Water Cube" ([H2O] 3) Program. The program consists of China State Construction Engineering Corporation, Australia's PTW Architects, ARUP Australia Pty Ltd joint design. Which Chinese designer: China State Construction International (Shenzhen) Design Consultants Limited CEO, Chief Architect and super engineer Mao Hongwei, PTW Architects of the two chief designer for the John Paul Lin (John Pauline) and Toby King (Toby Wong).
Designed to reflect the [H2O] 3 ( "Water Cube"), the design concept, architectural design and structural design of melt in one, design novel, unique structure, compared with the national stadium in coordination functions to satisfy the 2008 Olympic Games events require, and easy to operation after the match.
Design
This seemingly simple "square box" is China's traditional culture and modern technology to a common "structures" made of. Chinese people believe that: There is no rule not a radius, in accordance with the rules drawn up to work, you get the overall harmony and unity. In traditional Chinese culture, "hemispherical dome" design thinking gave birth to the "Water Cube", which with the circle of "Bird's Nest" - National Stadium echo each other, complement each other. Square is China's ancient urban architecture the most basic form, it reflects the Chinese culture to Gangchanglunli, represented by the rules of social life. And this "square box" again reflects the National Swimming Center can best multi-functional requirements in order to achieve the traditional culture and architectural features of the perfect combination.
In Chinese culture, water is an important elements of nature, and has aroused people's feelings of joy. National Aquatics Center after the match will be Beijing's largest water park, so the designer for the people of all ages, to explore the water can provide a variety of entertainment, the development of the various water uses, they will call this design concept "Water Cube." Hope that it will stimulate the people's inspiration and enthusiasm to enrich people's lives, and to provide people with a memory carrier.
To achieve this end, the designer of the concept of deepening the water, not only the decorative role of the use of water, but also the use of its unique microstructure. Based on the "bubble" theory of inspiration for their "party box" package on a layer of architectural skin, covered with a molecular structure resembles the geometry of water surface covered by ETFE film also gives the ice-like appearance of the building, so that With a unique visual effects and feelings, contour and appearance have become soft, the water charm in the building has been the perfect embodiment. Brisk's "Water Cube" to win gold medals, but also because it embodies a number of technological and environmental characteristics. Rational organization of natural ventilation, recycled water system, the rational development of high-tech building materials widely used, are added together for the National Aquatics Center, more flavor of the times. Pool also applied a number of innovative design, such as the outdoor air into water surface, the end of hole pond shore, visual and sound the starting signals, which will become the world's fastest pool games swimming pool.

Beijing Water Cube
Innovative plug-in materials
"Water Cube" is not only a beautiful and complex architecture, she can stimulate the people's inspiration and enthusiasm to enrich people's lives, providing people with memory carrier. Therefore, the design of the decorative use of water is not only the role, but also use its unique microstructure. Used in the whole building inside and outside layer of coated ETFE film (ethylene - tetrafluoroethylene copolymer) is a lightweight new materials, with an effective thermal performance and translucent, you can adjust the indoor environment, the winter heat, summer heat, but would also avoid building structure by the Swimming Center, the erosion of the internal environment.
The international community in building the use of membrane structure, multi-PTFE membrane is used, which is a fibrous material, characterized by opaque, but the use of technology is more mature. The "Water Cube" are using the ETFE film, which is a transparent film, for venue to bring more natural light. In the domestic theory of thin-film structures of this study is almost empty.
2006 World Cup in Germany, one of the main stadium Allianz Arena in Munich is also used ETFE air pillow wall, but in comparison with the Water Cube, the difference is that Germany's Allianz Stadium, gas pillow covers an area of 60000 square m, while the Water Cube is up 10 million square meters; Allianz stadium is a single-layer air pillow and is a regular arrangement of the water cube is a double-layer air pillow, and almost no shape at the same two air pillow.
Accordance with the design, inside and outside the water cube structure of Li-mask air pillow formed by 3065 (of which the smallest 1-2 square meters, the largest up to 70 square meters), covering an area of 10 million square meters, expand an area of 26 million square meters, is the world's largest membrane structure, is also the only one entirely by the membrane structure to a closed-wide large-scale public buildings. No matter the design or construction, is a great challenge to the use of ETFE film materials, ventilation and air conditioning, fire, sound, light, power control technology presents a very difficult issue.

Beijing Water Cube
New environment-friendly design
Swimming pool swim within the application of a number of innovative designs, such as the outdoor air into water to the surface of the end of hole pond shore, visual and audio signals and so on. There are some high-tech equipment, such as determining the relative position of the optical device players, multi-angle three-dimensional image projection systems, these devices will help the audience better watch the game.
Also fully considered in the design of environmental protection needs. In order to reduce the production of carbon dioxide in the design to reduce the electric use. The use of solar cells to provide electricity. Increase the use of a new type of material to air-conditioning and lighting loads to reduce by 20% -30%. In addition, the swimming center will consume 80 percent of water collected from the roof, and recycled, this can weaken the water supply and reduce dependence on the sewage discharged into the sewer. System for recycling waste heat, heat recovery chillers application year will save up to 60 million kWh of electricity. There are modern fire service installations for building tailor-made, than conventional facilities, save 74%.
In building energy saving, the "Water Cube" design is also unique. In the "Water Cube" a total of 8 million square meters of building area, the 30,000 square meters of rooftop rainwater collection rate would reach 100%, which are equivalent to 100 households in the amount of rain water used every year; in light utilization , as "Water Cube" with a special membrane materials and corresponding technologies, making the venue a day to take advantage of natural light to reach the 9.9 hours of time, one year down, 8 million square meters of "Water Cube" will save a lot of power resources.
Research and innovation is the "Water Cube" building design in a big bright spot, it uses a special membrane material, steel, and indoor environmental design, architectural history at the Olympic venues many of which were blank, therefore, scientific and technological innovation has become the "Water Cube "Building a highlight of the work, after participating in the construction parties to work together," Water Cube "project in the project was approved by the state departments to achieve more than 10 research projects, in addition," Water Cube "the construction of the project also produced a similar construction acceptance criteria.

Internal Water Cube
Humanized design details
"Water Cube" design attention to detail, give full consideration to the athletes and audience demand, reflecting the Beijing Olympic Games, "Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and People's Olympics" of the three concepts.
As the Olympic competition venues, the National Aquatics Center during the first game to meet the needs of the Olympic Games. "Water Cube" design would be as much as possible so that athletes feel comfortable here, let the audience feel comfortable. And such comfort often come from small details. "Water Cube" has a diving pool, a competition pool, warm-up pool, the pond where the water temperature and the temperature of the Office is not much difference, which for the athletes to play and create favorable conditions for stability.
In addition, the "Water Cube" design of the ground also spent a lot of brains, due to competition pool and a certain distance from the middle of a warm-up pool, athletes in between the two pools are often barefoot, from or "Water Cube" on the ground during this journey made a special, careful handling, "When the athletes went very comfortable" and not feel cold feet.
Lightning Design:
"Water Cube" and "Bird's Nest" similar, but also uses the traditional lightning protection technology. "Water Cube" part of the underground and foundation of reinforced concrete structures, aboveground net of steel frame, steel reinforced concrete structure with steel bars connected by welding together to form a cube cage. Roof, mosaic, fixed an inflatable pillow block is the trough of the steel components, steel components wide and thick, and the "Water Cube" the walls of welded steel truss as a whole, supporting the entire roof. Thunderstorm weather, the role of these steel members is no small matter. They both as a gutter to collect and remove the roof rain water; Jieshan Qi also serves as a timely lightning current will be diverted to the "cage-type lightning protection network" to protect the security of the entire building. This is a very good "cage-type lightning network," rely entirely on its own structure of the building materials, would not need to set up a lightning rod, do Yinxia Xian, or grounding, there are no outstanding roof with a lightning rod or lightning, is economical and beautiful and safe Reliable.
Seismic Design:
"Water Cube" is a typical soft on the outside on the inside. External only see the inflatable membrane, seems to be fragile, while the support of these films are solid steel, which the audience stands and interior structures of reinforced concrete structures. "Water Cube" the walls and ceilings from 12000 bearing steel mesh nodes link the composition of these nodes evenly shared with the weight of the building to make it strong enough to withstand the strongest earthquake in Beijing. "Water Cube" the underground part of the reinforced concrete structure, pouring on the coagulation time, in every location of the root Steel Gui are set up embedded parts (upper part of the steel block), the steel structure steel columns with these pre - embedded parts of a solid welded together, and thus the ground and underground parts of some of the steel reinforced concrete structure to form a solid whole. Thanks to excellent structure and good integrity, "Water Cube" only has a "perfect body", to the seismic intensity of 8 standard.

Internal Water Cube
【Venue】 Green
Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and People's Olympics, as Beijing Olympic Games three core concepts, all the work for the Beijing Olympic Games have programmatic significance. The three concepts, the brunt is the Green Olympics. From the "Beijing Olympic Action Plan" in the definition of the Green Olympics is not hard to see that each link to achieve Green Olympics, all need to be that people with high standards for the protection of ecological literacy, according to the standard to implement the work.
National Swimming Center, the main building of advanced energy-saving technology, including the choice of heat pumps, solar energy utilization, water utilization, advanced heating and air conditioning systems, and control systems and other energy-saving environmental protection technologies, such as use of interior and exterior wall insulation, reduce energy losses; using energy efficient light source and lighting control technology. These new standards, new technologies, new materials used for the construction of China's future building energy efficiency has played a good example, but also further promote the development and promotion of China's building energy-saving technologies in industrial production.
Water Cube ETFE membrane material used for the first time, you can most appropriately the performance of "Water Cube" Water Cube "form factor looks like a blue box of water, while the walls Just like a no rules on the bubble. This bubble materials used "ETFE", is what we often call a "polyvinyl fluoride." the material corrosion resistance, insulation is superb, self-cleaning ability. abroad, anti-aging tests proved that it can use 15 to for 20 years. and this material is also very strong, it was stated in the above and will not damage it jumps. same time, because its never water-based, it can complete the self-clean use of natural rainwater is a new environmentally friendly materials. like a a "water bubble" of the ETFE membrane has good resistance to stress, the thickness of paper just like a gas composition of ETFE film pillow, and even bear the weight of a car. air pillow according to the different placement of the outer membrane on the uneven distribution of the density of the coating point, this point will effectively shield-plated direct sunlight into the museum, played shading, cooling effect.

Water Cube Diving Taiwan
【Water Cube water-saving program】
Automatic swimming pool changing the water
To ensure that the "Water Cube" to achieve the water quality of the latest health standards FINA, swimming pool water will be used on sand filters - ozone - activated carbon water purification process, all using ozone disinfection. According to reports, the ozone water disinfection can not only effectively remove odor, but also to stimulate the human body to eliminate water.
In addition, changing the water pool will be full use of automatic control technology to improve the operational efficiency of water purification systems, reducing pharmaceutical water purification and power consumption, can save water swimming pool make up over 50%. In addition, swimming pools and water recreation pool will be used to prevent leakage of concrete anti-seepage.
The bath water used for flushing and irrigation
In addition to swimming pool water, "Water Cube" the other water is also very save. Bathing and other waste water will go through a bio-contact oxidation, filtering, and then activated carbon adsorption and disinfection for the stadium toilet flushing, washing the garage floor as well as outdoor green irrigation. This alone can save water 44.53 thousand tons of water each year. In addition, in order to reduce water evaporation, "Water Cube" outdoor green will be irrigated at night, using Israel's micro-irrigation sprinklers, water can be saved after the completion of 5%.
Sanitary water meter water meter is located
In order to minimize the use of time people waste water, "Water Cube" on the toilet, shower faucet, basin and other equipment are used inductive flushing valve, sanitary ware out the reasonable control of water, and the concentration of water points in each set water meter, metering water consumption. Is expected that through these measures can be saving about 10%.
In addition to bath water, "Water Cube" will be set up in the game drinking at the hall, to provide drinking water for the athletes and spectators. In order to avoid secondary pollution of drinking water to avoid waste, "Water Cube" will be used for drinking water treatment equipment end of the straight.